This is a detailed checklist of all the Rupee coins minted in India during the Victoria rule (1862-1901).Any corrections are welcome.
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Saturday, 23 December 2006
VICTORIA RUPEE : CHECKLIST
VICTORIA RUPEE CHECKLIST
This is a detailed checklist of all the Rupee coins minted in India during the Victoria rule (1862-1901).Any corrections are welcome.
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This is a detailed checklist of all the Rupee coins minted in India during the Victoria rule (1862-1901).Any corrections are welcome.
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VICTORIA RUPEE : DOT VARIETIES (1862)
DOT VARIETIES OF VICTORIA RUPEE 1862
Dots were present in 1862 Rupees at 6'o clock position above flower and at 12'o clock position above ONE written on Rupee coins.
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Dots were present in 1862 Rupees at 6'o clock position above flower and at 12'o clock position above ONE written on Rupee coins.
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Friday, 22 December 2006
BRITISH INDIA COINAGE
BRITISH INDIA COINS
British India Flag
EAST INDIA COMPANY
The British presence in India started in 1612, twelve years after the granting by Queen Elizabeth the First of a Royal Charter to the 218 Knights and merchants of the City of London who formed a company which received different names but remained in history as "the East India Company".
The British East India Company established its initial settlement in Surat in 1612, and started minting coins from the mid 17th century. The early European style coins were not popular outside their jurisdiction, and in 1717 the British obtained the right to strike their own rupees in the name of the Mughal emperor.
The gold coins were termed Carolina, the silver coins Anglina, the copper coins Cupperoon and tin coins Tinny.
EARLY ISSUES OF EAST INDIA COMPANY
After the Great Mutiny in 1857, the British Government took direct control of its Indian possessions until they regained their independence in 1947, divided between India and Pakistan.
From 1862 to 1947 coins were stuck under the authority of the crown.
The rulers were:
KING WILLIAM IIII > VICTORIA QUEEN:EMPRESS > KING EDWARD VII > KING GEORGE V>KING GEORGE VI
The Indian Coinage Act, 1906 was passed which governed the establishment of Mints as well as the coins that would be issued and the standards that would be maintained (Rupee 180 grains, Silver 916.66 standard; Half Rupee 90 grains, Quarter Rupee 45 grains).
Coins of the following denominations were issued:
• 1/12 Anna
• 1/2 Pice
• 1 Pice
• 1/4 Anna
• 1/2 Anna
• 1 Anna
• 2 Annas
• 1/4 Rupee
• 4 Annas
• 8 Annas
• 1/2 Rupee
• Rupee
• 15 Rupees
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British India Flag
EAST INDIA COMPANY
The British presence in India started in 1612, twelve years after the granting by Queen Elizabeth the First of a Royal Charter to the 218 Knights and merchants of the City of London who formed a company which received different names but remained in history as "the East India Company".
The British East India Company established its initial settlement in Surat in 1612, and started minting coins from the mid 17th century. The early European style coins were not popular outside their jurisdiction, and in 1717 the British obtained the right to strike their own rupees in the name of the Mughal emperor.
The gold coins were termed Carolina, the silver coins Anglina, the copper coins Cupperoon and tin coins Tinny.
EARLY ISSUES OF EAST INDIA COMPANY
After the Great Mutiny in 1857, the British Government took direct control of its Indian possessions until they regained their independence in 1947, divided between India and Pakistan.
From 1862 to 1947 coins were stuck under the authority of the crown.
The rulers were:
KING WILLIAM IIII > VICTORIA QUEEN:EMPRESS > KING EDWARD VII > KING GEORGE V>KING GEORGE VI
The Indian Coinage Act, 1906 was passed which governed the establishment of Mints as well as the coins that would be issued and the standards that would be maintained (Rupee 180 grains, Silver 916.66 standard; Half Rupee 90 grains, Quarter Rupee 45 grains).
Coins of the following denominations were issued:
• 1/12 Anna
• 1/2 Pice
• 1 Pice
• 1/4 Anna
• 1/2 Anna
• 1 Anna
• 2 Annas
• 1/4 Rupee
• 4 Annas
• 8 Annas
• 1/2 Rupee
• Rupee
• 15 Rupees
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KING WILLIAM IIII COINS
William IV (1765-1837)
Full name : William Henry
Birth : 21-Aug-1765 at Buckingham House, London
Father : King George III
Mother : Queen Charlotte-Sophia
Died : 20-Jun-1837
Location of death: Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
William IV, born August 21, 1765, was the third son of George III and Sophia.At the age of 13, William became a midshipman and began a career in the Royal Navy. In 1789, he was made Duke of Clarence. He retired from the Navy in 1790.
William succeeded his brother, George IV.On the 28th of June 1830 the death of King George IV placed him on the throne.He ascended the thrones of Great Britain, Ireland, and Hanover as King William IV on 26 June 1830, and was crowned on 8 September 1831.
In 1833 the Assay Master of the Calcutta Mint, James Prinsep, prepared and submitted to the Governor General in Council, Lord William Cavendish Bentinck who retired in March 1835, a project for reforming the weights and measures of the coins of British India. This was adopted in November 1833. The Governor General Sir Charles Metcalf passed the Act XVII on August 17, 1835.
The William two and one mohurs were struck for currency at the Calcutta Mint during 1835/6.
Gold Coins :
Two mohurs: Comes in both grained and plain edge. Size: 32.5mm. Weight: 23.32 grams. Issued date: 1835.
One mohur: Comes in both grained and plain edge. Size: 26mm. Weight: 11.66 grams. Issued date: 1835. (Comes with RS and F incuse).
Silver Coins:
One rupee: Grained edge. Size: 30.5/30.7 mm. Weight: 11.66 grams. Issue date: 1835. Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse.
Half rupee: Grained edge. Size: 24.6/24.9 mm. Weight: 5.83 grams. Issue date: 1835. Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse
Quarter rupee: Grained edge. Size: 19.4/20 mm. Weight: 2.91 grams. Issue date: 1840. (Types: Continuous and divided legends). . Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse.
Copper Coins :
Half anna: Plain edge. Size 29.5/31.2mm. Weight: 12.95 grams.
Issue date : 1835 (Note: Obverse Coat of Arms of East India Company).
Quarter anna: Plain edge: Size: 25.3/26.2 mm. Weight: 6.47 grams. Issue date: 1835.
1/12th anna: Plain edge: Size: 17.5/17.9 mm. Weight: 2.16 grams. Issue date: 1835.
William silver coins were withdrawn from circulation in 1896. Half anna was withdrawn in 1964 while half pice and 1/12th anna were withdrawn in 1959.
WILLIAM RUPEE
WILLIAM 1/4 ANNA
William Half Rupee
William Quarter Rupee
William died a month after his niece, Victoria, had come of age, thus avoiding another regency.
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Full name : William Henry
Birth : 21-Aug-1765 at Buckingham House, London
Father : King George III
Mother : Queen Charlotte-Sophia
Died : 20-Jun-1837
Location of death: Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
William IV, born August 21, 1765, was the third son of George III and Sophia.At the age of 13, William became a midshipman and began a career in the Royal Navy. In 1789, he was made Duke of Clarence. He retired from the Navy in 1790.
William succeeded his brother, George IV.On the 28th of June 1830 the death of King George IV placed him on the throne.He ascended the thrones of Great Britain, Ireland, and Hanover as King William IV on 26 June 1830, and was crowned on 8 September 1831.
In 1833 the Assay Master of the Calcutta Mint, James Prinsep, prepared and submitted to the Governor General in Council, Lord William Cavendish Bentinck who retired in March 1835, a project for reforming the weights and measures of the coins of British India. This was adopted in November 1833. The Governor General Sir Charles Metcalf passed the Act XVII on August 17, 1835.
The William two and one mohurs were struck for currency at the Calcutta Mint during 1835/6.
Gold Coins :
Two mohurs: Comes in both grained and plain edge. Size: 32.5mm. Weight: 23.32 grams. Issued date: 1835.
One mohur: Comes in both grained and plain edge. Size: 26mm. Weight: 11.66 grams. Issued date: 1835. (Comes with RS and F incuse).
Silver Coins:
One rupee: Grained edge. Size: 30.5/30.7 mm. Weight: 11.66 grams. Issue date: 1835. Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse.
Half rupee: Grained edge. Size: 24.6/24.9 mm. Weight: 5.83 grams. Issue date: 1835. Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse
Quarter rupee: Grained edge. Size: 19.4/20 mm. Weight: 2.91 grams. Issue date: 1840. (Types: Continuous and divided legends). . Comes with RS, F incuse, F raised and no incuse.
Copper Coins :
Half anna: Plain edge. Size 29.5/31.2mm. Weight: 12.95 grams.
Issue date : 1835 (Note: Obverse Coat of Arms of East India Company).
Quarter anna: Plain edge: Size: 25.3/26.2 mm. Weight: 6.47 grams. Issue date: 1835.
1/12th anna: Plain edge: Size: 17.5/17.9 mm. Weight: 2.16 grams. Issue date: 1835.
William silver coins were withdrawn from circulation in 1896. Half anna was withdrawn in 1964 while half pice and 1/12th anna were withdrawn in 1959.
WILLIAM RUPEE
WILLIAM 1/4 ANNA
William Half Rupee
William Quarter Rupee
William died a month after his niece, Victoria, had come of age, thus avoiding another regency.
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VICTORIA QUEEN : EMPRESS
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. Her reign lasted sixty-three years and seven months, longer than that of any other British monarch.
The Victorian era was at the height of the Industrial Revolution, a period of significant social, economic, and technological change in the United Kingdom. Victoria's reign was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire and during the period it reached its zenith, becoming the formidable Global Power of the time.
Reign - 20 Jun 1837 - 22 Jan1901
Coronation - 28 June 1838
Predecessor - William IV
Successor - Edward VII
On 24 May 1837 Victoria turned 18, meaning that a regency would not be necessary. Four weeks later, Victoria was awoken by her mother to find that at 12 minutes past 2 a.m. on 20 June 1837, William IV had died from heart failure at the age of seventy-one. Victoria was now Queen of the United Kingdom.
The Queen married her first cousin, Prince Albert on 10 February 1840, at the Chapel Royal in St. James's Palace; four days before, Victoria granted her husband, who was born the same year as herself, the style His Royal Highness.
In 1887, the United Kingdom celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession, 20 June 1887, with a banquet to which fifty European kings and princes were invited.
On 22 September 1896, Victoria surpassed George III as the longest reigning monarch in English, Scottish, and British history.
She died on the Isle of Wight, from a cerebral hemorrhage on 22 January 1901, at the age of 81.Victoria had reigned for a total of 63 years, seven months and two days — the longest reign in British history. She was buried at Windsor beside Prince Albert, in the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum, which she had built for their final resting place. Above the Mausoleum door are inscribed Victoria's words:
'farewell best beloved, here at last I shall rest with thee, with thee in Christ I shall rise again'
Victoria was succeeded by her eldest son, The Prince of Wales,as King Edward VII. Victoria's death brought an end to the rule of the House of Hanover in the United Kingdom.
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MINT MARK VARIETIES : VICTORIA RUPEE
Mint Mark Varieties : Victoria (1874 - 1901)
Introduction : There are three mints that produced the Rupee. All mint marks are on the reverse of the coin.
The Calcutta mint is represented either by no mint mark or an incuse (indented) letter "C" on the ornamental figure at the bottom of the coin (6 o'clock position).
The Bombay mint is represented (1874-1883) by a dot mint mark. Note that some Calcutta coins appear to have used the dot as well on 1877-1880 Rupees. It is normally just above the Ornate at the bottom of the coin. An 1879 variety has the dot in the rosette. In 1883 (the transition year) there are Rupees with the dot, the raised "B", and both dot and raised "B". The Bombay mint is represented (1883-1901) by an incuse "B" or a raised "B", usually on the flower-like ornamental figure at the top in the coin (12 o'clock position). The 1884 Rupee has the raised "B" on the whorl at the bottom (on the reverse).
The incuse "B" is sometimes inverted (upside down). It's easy to understand how this may have happened, since the tiny "B" looks much the same when inverted. Eg.Rupees with the inverted "B", 1887 and 1888.
The Madras mint closed in 1867 and so is represented only by Rupees dated 1862. The only Rupees attributed to Madras are the 1862 B/II 0/0 and the 1862 B/IIa 0/0.
The incuse "C" can appear as a tiny circle.
The incuse "B" can also be indistinct.
The raised "B" is particularly prone to problems due to wear, damage or poor striking. It often appears as a little bump on the coin.
The following mint marks are illustrated by photos below:
1.Incuse "C"
2.Incuse "B" (normal)
3.Incuse "B" (inverted)
4.Raised "B"
5.Raised "B" (in whorl, 1884)
6.Dot mint mark
Details of Incuse "C"
Details of Incuse "B"(normal)
Details of Incuse "B"(inverted)
Details of Raised "B"(reverse type I and II)
Details of Raised "B" in whorl :1884
Detail of Dot mint mark: (1874-1883)
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Introduction : There are three mints that produced the Rupee. All mint marks are on the reverse of the coin.
The Calcutta mint is represented either by no mint mark or an incuse (indented) letter "C" on the ornamental figure at the bottom of the coin (6 o'clock position).
The Bombay mint is represented (1874-1883) by a dot mint mark. Note that some Calcutta coins appear to have used the dot as well on 1877-1880 Rupees. It is normally just above the Ornate at the bottom of the coin. An 1879 variety has the dot in the rosette. In 1883 (the transition year) there are Rupees with the dot, the raised "B", and both dot and raised "B". The Bombay mint is represented (1883-1901) by an incuse "B" or a raised "B", usually on the flower-like ornamental figure at the top in the coin (12 o'clock position). The 1884 Rupee has the raised "B" on the whorl at the bottom (on the reverse).
The incuse "B" is sometimes inverted (upside down). It's easy to understand how this may have happened, since the tiny "B" looks much the same when inverted. Eg.Rupees with the inverted "B", 1887 and 1888.
The Madras mint closed in 1867 and so is represented only by Rupees dated 1862. The only Rupees attributed to Madras are the 1862 B/II 0/0 and the 1862 B/IIa 0/0.
The incuse "C" can appear as a tiny circle.
The incuse "B" can also be indistinct.
The raised "B" is particularly prone to problems due to wear, damage or poor striking. It often appears as a little bump on the coin.
The following mint marks are illustrated by photos below:
1.Incuse "C"
2.Incuse "B" (normal)
3.Incuse "B" (inverted)
4.Raised "B"
5.Raised "B" (in whorl, 1884)
6.Dot mint mark
Details of Incuse "C"
Details of Incuse "B"(normal)
Details of Incuse "B"(inverted)
Details of Raised "B"(reverse type I and II)
Details of Raised "B" in whorl :1884
Detail of Dot mint mark: (1874-1883)
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VICTORIA RUPEE : OBVERSE TYPES
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Coins minted from 1862 through 1873 all have the date 1862.
The legend reads "Victoria Queen" for coins dated 1862 - 1876.
It reads "Victoria Empress" for coins dated 1877 - 1901.
The Rupee coin has three distinct Obverse designs, which can be identified by examining the panels on the front of the dress.
Bust A - The front of the dress has 3-3/4 panels
Bust B - The front of the dress has 4-¼ panels
Bust C - The front of the dress has 3-½ or 3-1/3 panels
check the flower on the right of the bottom panel
it has fewer leaves than the one in Bust A.
Comparision of Bust A , B , C
Details of Bust A
Details of Bust B
Details of Bust C
FIVE SECTIONS IN DRESS PANEL - VERY RARE COIN
It has been found in 1862 Rupee
INDIA 1862 VICTORIA QUEEN RUPEE B II MADRAS MINT
Unrecorded variety of 5 Sections in the dress panel.It was struck with Half Anna Die which had 5 sections on Dress panel with different embroidery.
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Obverse Types A, B, C
Coins minted from 1862 through 1873 all have the date 1862.
The legend reads "Victoria Queen" for coins dated 1862 - 1876.
It reads "Victoria Empress" for coins dated 1877 - 1901.
The Rupee coin has three distinct Obverse designs, which can be identified by examining the panels on the front of the dress.
Bust A - The front of the dress has 3-3/4 panels
Bust B - The front of the dress has 4-¼ panels
Bust C - The front of the dress has 3-½ or 3-1/3 panels
check the flower on the right of the bottom panel
it has fewer leaves than the one in Bust A.
Comparision of Bust A , B , C
Details of Bust A
Details of Bust B
Details of Bust C
FIVE SECTIONS IN DRESS PANEL - VERY RARE COIN
It has been found in 1862 Rupee
INDIA 1862 VICTORIA QUEEN RUPEE B II MADRAS MINT
Unrecorded variety of 5 Sections in the dress panel.It was struck with Half Anna Die which had 5 sections on Dress panel with different embroidery.
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